K overview (short)
Link: Aff uses market-style calculus that prices rights/outcomes.
Impact: Commodification produces structural exploitation/ecological collapse.
Alt: Reject market calculus as the method of evaluation in-round.
FW: Method first—prevents replicating harm in debate; fairness/education prefer stable rules for engagement.
Links (tags + warrants + cites)
Tag: Cost-benefit frames commodify human worth.
Warrant: Reducing rights to tradeoffs treats persons as means, enabling exploitation.
Card: Author A 2015 — Ethics & Society.
Tag: Growth-first policy erases non-market value.
Warrant: Market metrics crowd out dignity-based constraints; harms vulnerable.
Card: Author B 2011 — Political Theory Review.
Impact (tag + warrant + cite)
Tag: Commodification accelerates ecological breakdown.
Warrant: Treating nature as input externalizes costs → overshoot.
Card: Author C 2019 — Environmental Politics.
Alt text (readable)
Text: Reject market calculus as the decision method; adopt a decommodified ethical lens for evaluation.
2NR skeleton (Cap K)
1) FW: Method first—fairness/education; topic still discussed through ethical lens.
2) Links: Extend both; apply to their V/C weighing phrases and plan text.
3) Impact: Extend commodification → structural/ecological collapse (magnitude/duration).
4) Alt solvency: Rejecting calculus flips links; education benefit.
5) Perm answers: Do both incoherent—alt rejects policy calculus.
Ballot: Under method-first, we win links + alt; even under their weighing, commodification harms are larger and longer.