What is LD?
Lincoln–Douglas is a 1-on-1 debate focused on ethics and philosophy. The Affirmative argues the resolution is morally justified/obligatory; the Negative argues it is not or is impermissible. Most cases use a value + criterion (how to weigh) followed by contentions (reasons to affirm/negate).
Speech Order & Timings
| Speech | Who | Time | Purpose |
|---|---|---|---|
| Affirmative Constructive (1AC) | Aff | 6 min | Define terms, set framework (Value + Criterion), present 2–3 contentions |
| Cross-Examination | Neg → Aff | 3 min | Clarify and set traps for later speeches |
| Negative Constructive (1NC) | Neg | 7 min | Present Neg case, answer 1AC; may include off-case (Ks/CPs/DAs) |
| Cross-Examination | Aff → Neg | 3 min | Pressure weak links and force concessions |
| First Affirmative Rebuttal (1AR) | Aff | 4 min | Rebuild Aff, answer Neg’s offense, extend clear voters |
| Second Negative Rebuttal (2NR) | Neg | 6 min | Collapse to the cleanest path to the ballot and weigh |
| Second Affirmative Rebuttal (2AR) | Aff | 3 min | Final crystallization: 2–3 decisive voting issues |
Prep time: most tournaments give 3–5 minutes per debater to spend between speeches.
Offtime Roadmap
Start each speech with a roadmap so judges can follow your structure. Example: “Order is T, then the Kritik, then back to case.” Keep it 5–10 seconds and do not argue during the roadmap.
Beginner Tips
- Keep taglines short and clean; underline your key warrants.
- Aim for 1–2 simple win conditions and repeat them throughout the round.
- Use CX to set up your next speech, not to win the round immediately.
Watch a Demo
Example ballot story
“Under Justice → Protect Rights, if I win that freedom of movement is a fundamental right and the Neg’s harms are speculative, you prioritize rights first—so you sign Aff.”