- Sources: PhilPapers, JSTOR, law reviews, UN/NGO reports.
- Copy the paragraph with the warrant; include author, year, publication.
- Tag the warrant (mechanism), not just the conclusion.
- Underline internal warrants; keep cites consistent.
Checklist: expertise, recency (for empirics), clear mechanism, and offense relevance.
Example card (tag → cite → warrant)
Tag: Freedom of movement is a basic right.
Carens 1987, political theorist — Ethics & International Affairs: “If we take rights seriously, then restrictions on movement unjustifiably treat individuals as property of states…”
Warrant: rights are person-centered and not state-contingent.